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  2. Validity and liceity (Catholic Church) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Validity_and_liceity...

    Church laws regarding confession require that priests who are hearing confessions must have valid faculties and jurisdiction. As penance is not only a sacramental act but also one of jurisdiction, such faculties are required for both for validity and liceity.

  3. Sex and gender roles in the Catholic Church - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_and_gender_roles_in...

    Public humiliation ranged from public confessions and requesting the forgiveness of the community (often by kneeling at the entrance of a church and begging those who entered for mercy), [34] to public whippings in the churchyard or marketplace, [37] to being paraded around the church "bare-chested and bearing a lighted candle before Sunday ...

  4. Confessional privilege (United States) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confessional_Privilege...

    Prior to the adoption of statutory protections, there was some protection under common law. New York: In People v. Phillips (1 Southwest L. J., 90), in the year 1813, the Court of General Sessions in New York recognized the privilege as in a decision rendered by De Witt Clinton, recognized the privilege as applying to Rev. Anthony Kohlmann, S.J., who refused to reveal in court information ...

  5. Priest–penitent privilege - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priest–penitent_privilege

    The clergy–penitent privilege, clergy privilege, confessional privilege, priest–penitent privilege, pastor–penitent privilege, clergyman–communicant privilege, or ecclesiastical privilege, is a rule of evidence that forbids judicial inquiry into certain communications (spoken or otherwise) between clergy and members of their congregation. [1]

  6. Catholic Church split on women deacons, Vatican document shows

    www.aol.com/news/catholic-church-split-women...

    The global Catholic Church is split on whether to allow women to serve as deacons, a Vatican document showed on Tuesday, just weeks after Pope Francis ruled out any opening on the issue. Giving ...

  7. Ordination of women and the Catholic Church - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordination_of_women_and...

    References are made within the earliest Christian communities to the role of women in positions of church leadership. Paul's letter to the Romans, written in the first century, commends Phoebe who is described as "deaconess of the church at Cenchreae" that she be received "in the Lord as befits the saints, and help her in whatever she may require from you, for she has been a helper of many and ...

  8. Excommunicated female Catholic priest keeps up fight for ...

    www.aol.com/excommunicated-female-catholic...

    Oct. 25—When she comes up to the altar rail to receive a blessing during Communion while wearing her clerical vestments, the Rev. Anne Tropeano — known as "Father Anne" — receives a variety ...

  9. Women in the Catholic Church - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_the_Catholic_Church

    Catholic lay women were involved in Catholic Arts and Letters in the 20th century, especially in English language literature. Sophie Treadwell was a Mexican-American Catholic laywoman who was both a journalist and a playwright in the first half of the 20th century. She wrote dozens of plays, several novels and serial stories, as well as ...