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Stunted growth, also known as stunting or linear growth failure, is defined as impaired growth and development manifested by low height-for-age. [1] It is a manifestation of malnutrition (undernutrition) and can be caused by endogenous factors (such as chronic food insecurity) or exogenous factors (such as parasitic infection ).
Typically grows at a similar rate to the previous month, usually growing between 1 and 1.5 inches (2.5 and 3.8 cm) and gaining about 2 pounds (910 g). [ 23 ] Resting heart rate is usually between 80 and 160 beats per minute, and it typically stays within that range until the infant is about one year old.
Scoliosis most often occurs during growth spurts right before puberty. [11] Risk factors include other affected family members. [ 2 ] It can also occur due to another condition such as muscle spasms , cerebral palsy , Marfan syndrome , and tumors such as neurofibromatosis . [ 2 ]
Symptoms include bowed legs, stunted growth, bone pain, large forehead, and trouble sleeping. [2] [3] Complications may include bone deformities, bone pseudofractures and fractures, muscle spasms, or an abnormally curved spine. [2] [3] The analogous condition in adults is osteomalacia.
The speed of physical growth is rapid in the months after birth, then slows, so birth weight is doubled in the first four months, tripled by 1 year, but not quadrupled until 2 years. [85] Growth then proceeds at a slow rate until a period of rapid growth occurs shortly before puberty (between about 9 and 15 years of age). [ 86 ]
When Clayton, then 3, started to look bloated, his parents worried that he might have a GI blockage causing his distended belly. The Moorse family felt stunned to learn it was a Wilms tumor, a ...
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a disorder in which the spine starts abnormally curving sideways between the ages of 10–18 years old. [1] [2] [3] Generally, AIS occurs during the growth spurt associated with adolescence.
Osgood–Schlatter disease (OSD) is inflammation of the patellar ligament at the tibial tuberosity (apophysitis) [3] usually affecting adolescents during growth spurts. [5] It is characterized by a painful bump just below the knee that is worse with activity and better with rest. [3] Episodes of pain typically last a few weeks to months. [6]