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In Christian tradition, the Four Evangelists are Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, the authors attributed with the creation of the four canonical Gospel accounts. In the New Testament , they bear the following titles: the Gospel of Matthew ; the Gospel of Mark ; the Gospel of Luke ; and the Gospel of John .
The historical reliability of the Gospels is evaluated by experts who have not reached complete consensus. While all four canonical gospels contain some sayings and events that may meet at least one of the five criteria for historical reliability used in biblical studies, [note 1] the assessment and evaluation of these elements is a matter of ongoing debate.
The gospels each derive, all or some of, its material from a common proto-gospel (Ur-Gospel), possibly in Hebrew or Aramaic. Q+/Papias (Mark–Q/Matthew) Each document drew from each of its predecessors, including Logoi (Q+) and Papias' Exposition. Independence: Each gospel is an independent and original composition based upon oral history.
Gospels are a genre of ancient biography in early Christian literature. The New Testament includes four canonical gospels, but there are many gospels not included in the biblical canon. [3] These additional gospels are referred to as either New Testament apocrypha or pseudepigrapha.
Passion, resurrection and post-resurrection gospels; Gospel harmonies: in which the four canonical gospels are combined into a single narrative, either to present a consistent text or to produce a more accessible account of Jesus' life. The apocryphal gospels can also be seen in terms of the communities which produced them:
In the letter Eusebius also discusses his own approach, i.e. the Eusebian Canons in which the texts of the gospels are shown in parallel to help comparison among the four gospels. [26] In the 5th century, Augustine of Hippo wrote extensively on the subject in his book Harmony of the Gospels. [27]
Eusebian canons, Eusebian sections or Eusebian apparatus, [1] also known as Ammonian sections, are the system of dividing the four Gospels used between late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The divisions into chapters and verses used in modern texts date only from the 13th and 16th centuries, respectively.
The four gospels have variations in their account of the resurrection of Jesus and his appearances, but there are four points at which all gospels converge: [163] the turning of the stone that had closed the tomb, the visit of the women on "the first day of the week;" that the risen Jesus chose first to appear to women (or a woman) and told ...