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  2. Actinolite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinolite

    Actinolite is an intermediate member in a solid-solution series between magnesium-rich tremolite, Ca 2 (Mg 5.0-4.5 Fe 2+ 0.0-0.5)Si 8 O 22 (OH) 2, and iron-rich ferro-actinolite, ☐Ca 2 (Mg 2.5-0.0 Fe 2+ 2.5-5.0)Si 8 O 22 (OH) 2. Mg and Fe ions can be freely exchanged in the crystal structure. Like tremolite, asbestiform actinolite is ...

  3. Calcium:cation antiporter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium:Cation_Antiporter

    Ca 2+ binding to these regulatory domains activates the transport of Ca 2+ across the plasma membrane. The structure of CBD1 shows four Ca 2+ ions arranged in a tight planar cluster. The structure of CBD2 in the Ca 2+ -bound (1.7 Å resolution) and Ca 2+ -free (1.4 Å resolution) conformations shows (like CBD1) a classical Ig fold but ...

  4. Voltage-gated calcium channel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage-gated_calcium_channel

    The concentration of calcium (Ca 2+ ions) is normally several thousand times higher outside the cell than inside. Activation of particular VGCCs allows a Ca 2+ influx into the cell, which, depending on the cell type, results in activation of calcium-sensitive potassium channels , muscular contraction , [ 4 ] excitation of neurons, up-regulation ...

  5. Hippocampal subfields - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampal_subfields

    The hippocampal subfields are four subfields CA1, CA2, CA3, and CA4 that make up the structure of the hippocampus.Regions described in the hippocampus are the head, body, and tail, and other hippocampal subfields include the dentate gyrus, the presubiculum, and the subiculum.

  6. Calcium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium

    In the simplest terms, mountain-building exposes calcium-bearing rocks such as basalt and granodiorite to chemical weathering and releases Ca 2+ into surface water. These ions are transported to the ocean where they react with dissolved CO 2 to form limestone (CaCO 3), which in turn settles to the sea floor where it is incorporated into new rocks.

  7. Sodium-calcium exchanger - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium-calcium_exchanger

    The sodium-calcium exchanger (often denoted Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger, exchange protein, or NCX) is an antiporter membrane protein that removes calcium from cells. It uses the energy that is stored in the electrochemical gradient of sodium (Na +) by allowing Na + to flow down its gradient across the plasma membrane in exchange for the countertransport of calcium ions (Ca 2+).

  8. Stability constants of complexes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stability_constants_of...

    The data set used for the calculation has three components: a statement defining the nature of the chemical species that will be present, called the model of the system, details concerning the concentrations of the reagents used in the titration, and finally the experimental measurements in the form of titre and pH (or emf) pairs.

  9. Calcium in biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_in_biology

    The Ca 2+ concentration of the vacuole may reach millimolar levels. The most striking use of Ca 2+ ions as a structural element in algae occurs in the marine coccolithophores, which use Ca 2+ to form the calcium carbonate plates, with which they are covered. Calcium is needed to form the pectin in the middle lamella of newly formed cells.