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A lobotomy (from Greek λοβός (lobos) 'lobe' and τομή (tomē) 'cut, slice') or leucotomy is a discredited form of neurosurgical treatment for psychiatric disorder or neurological disorder (e.g. epilepsy, depression) that involves severing connections in the brain's prefrontal cortex. [1]
Watts and Freeman wrote two books on lobotomies: Psychosurgery, Intelligence, Emotion and Social Behavior Following Prefrontal Lobotomy for Medical Disorders in 1942, and Psychosurgery in the Treatment of Mental Disorders and Intractable Pain in 1950. He is also known for carrying out the lobotomy of Rosemary Kennedy under the supervision of ...
Until Freeman introduced the technique of transorbital lobotomy, psychosurgery required the skills of a surgeon. The standard lobotomy/leucotomy involved drilling burr holes in the skull on the side of the head and inserting a cutting instrument; it was thus a "closed" operation, with the surgeon unable to see exactly what he was cutting.
Walter Jackson Freeman II (November 14, 1895 – May 31, 1972) was an American physician who specialized in lobotomy. [1] Wanting to simplify lobotomies so that it could be carried out by psychiatrists in psychiatric hospitals, where there were often no operating rooms, surgeons, or anesthesia and limited budgets, Freeman invented a transorbital lobotomy procedure.
Because actual ice picks were used in initial experimentation and because of continued close resemblance to ice pick shafts, the procedure was dubbed "ice pick lobotomy". History and description [ edit ]
The season received an average of 1.5 million viewers, also with a Nielsen rating of 0.2. [5] After ten episodes, the series concluded on January 24, 2011, [ 6 ] making it the shortest run of any original series (but also of any series, until it was surpassed by Elliott from Earth on April 9, 2021) on the network.
Toggle Episodes subsection. 2.1 Season 1 (2012) 2.2 Season 2 (2013–14) ... Season 1 (2012) No. overall No. in season Title Directed by Written by Original release date
Episodes is a sitcom created and written by David Crane and Jeffrey Klarik, which premiered on Showtime on January 9, 2011, [1] and on BBC Two on January 10, 2011. The show follows Sean and Beverly Lincoln, a British writing couple who travel to Hollywood to remake their successful show, Lyman's Boys, as an American series. [2]