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Common side effects include constipation, abdominal pain, dark stools, and diarrhea. [14] Other side effects, which may occur with excessive use, include iron overload and iron toxicity. [11] [13] Ferrous salts used as supplements by mouth include ferrous fumarate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous succinate, and ferrous sulfate. [13]
Ferrous iron is then absorbed in the small intestine where it is oxidized into its ferric iron (Fe 3+) form before being released into the bloodstream. [4] Free iron in the blood is toxic to the body as it disrupts normal cell function, damaging organs such as the liver, stomach, and cardiovascular system. [ 4 ]
Iron(II) sulfate is sold as ferrous sulfate, a soil amendment [23] for lowering the pH of a high alkaline soil so that plants can access the soil's nutrients. [24] In horticulture it is used for treating iron chlorosis. [25] Although not as rapid-acting as ferric EDTA, its effects are longer-lasting.
Ferrous sulfate is widely used for both prophylaxis and treatment of iron-deficiency anemia. [ 23 ] In 2018, it was the 94th most commonly prescribed drug in the United States, with over eight million prescriptions.
Overconsumption of iron, often the result of children eating large quantities of ferrous sulfate tablets intended for adult consumption, is one of the most common toxicological causes of death in children under six. [191] The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) sets the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for adults at 45 mg/day. For children under ...
Iron sucrose can have a multitude of unintended side effects during and after administration. The following symptoms are considered serious, and a patient experiencing them should seek immediate medical attention: [8] headache; blurry vision; lasting dizziness or faintness; fever; chest pain or tightness; difficulty breathing; unusual heartbeat ...