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In the philosophy of science, evidence is material that confirms or disconfirms scientific hypotheses, acting as a neutral arbiter between competing theories. Measurements of Mercury's "anomalous" orbit , for example, are seen as evidence that confirms Einstein 's theory of general relativity .
In philosophy of science, on the other hand, evidence is understood as that which confirms or disconfirms scientific hypotheses and arbitrates between competing theories. For this role, evidence must be public and uncontroversial, like observable physical objects or events and unlike private mental states, so that evidence may foster scientific ...
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Empiricism in the philosophy of science emphasizes evidence, especially as discovered in experiments. It is a fundamental part of the scientific method that all hypotheses and theories must be tested against observations of the natural world rather than resting solely on a priori reasoning, intuition , or revelation .
In some areas of epistemology and theology, the notion of justification plays approximately the role of proof, [9] while in jurisprudence the corresponding term is evidence, [10] with "burden of proof" as a concept common to both philosophy and law. In most disciplines, evidence is required to prove something.
Such evidence is expected to be empirical evidence and interpretable in accordance with the scientific method. Standards for scientific evidence vary according to the field of inquiry, but the strength of scientific evidence is generally based on the results of statistical analysis and the strength of scientific controls. [citation needed]
A priori and a posteriori at the Indiana Philosophy Ontology Project; A priori and a posteriori at PhilPapers "A priori and a posteriori". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. A priori / a posteriori – in the Philosophical Dictionary online. "Rationalism vs. Empiricism" – an article by Peter Markie in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Evidentialism is a thesis in epistemology which states that one is justified to believe something if and only if that person has evidence which supports said belief. [1] Evidentialism is, therefore, a thesis about which beliefs are justified and which are not.