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The earliest cities in history were in the ancient Near East, an area covering roughly that of the modern Middle East: its history began in the 4th millennium BC and ended, depending on the interpretation of the term, either with the conquest by the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BC or with that by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC.
Ecbatana [a] (/ ɛ k ˈ b æ t ən ə /) was an ancient city, the capital of the Median kingdom, and the first capital in Iranian history. It later became the summer capital of the Achaemenid and Parthian empires. [2] It was also an important city during the Seleucid and Sasanian empires.
The Ancient Near East: A History. 2nd ed. Holt Rinehart and Winston, 1997. ISBN 0-15-503819-2. Pittman, Holly (1984). Art of the Bronze Age: Southeastern Iran, Western Central Asia, and the Indus Valley. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 9780870993657. Sasson, Jack. The Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, New York, 1995.
The ancient Near East refers to early civilizations within a region roughly corresponding to the present-day Middle East, in Western Asia. It includes the periods during the Bronze Age and the Iron Age (roughly 3000 BCE to 330 BCE). Dates before (ca.) 3000 BCE and after 330 BCE are not usually included in the term "ancient Near East":
The city corresponds to the ancient Assyrian city of Arbela. Settlement at Erbil can be dated back to possibly 6000 BC, but not urban life until c. 2300. [86] [87] Ankara: Anatolia Turkey: c. 2000 BC [88] The oldest settlements in and around the city center of Ankara belonged to the Hattic civilization which existed during the Bronze Age. Jaffa ...
Abila (Arabic: ابيلا) was an ancient city east of the Jordan River in the Plains of Moab, later Peraea, near Livias, about twelve km northeast of the north shore of the Dead Sea. [citation needed] The site is identified with modern Khirbet el-Kafrayn, Jordan and identified on the Madaba Map as an unnamed icon.
The Decapolis (Greek: Δεκάπολις, Dekápolis, 'Ten Cities') was a group of ten Hellenistic cities on the eastern frontier of the Roman Empire in the Southern Levant in the first centuries BC and AD. Most of the cities were located to the east of the Jordan Rift Valley, between Judaea, Iturea, Nabataea, and Syria. [1]
Eber-Nari (), also called Abar-Nahara or Aber Nahra (), was a region of the ancient Near East.Translated as "Beyond the River" or "Across the River" in both the Akkadian and Aramaic languages, it referred to the land on the opposite side of the Euphrates from the perspective of Mesopotamia and Persia.