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  2. Null object pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_object_pattern

    By returning a null object (i.e., an empty list) instead, there is no need to verify that the return value is in fact a list. The calling function may simply iterate the list as normal, effectively doing nothing. It is, however, still possible to check whether the return value is a null object (an empty list) and react differently if desired.

  3. Map (higher-order function) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map_(higher-order_function)

    In languages which support first-class functions and currying, map may be partially applied to lift a function that works on only one value to an element-wise equivalent that works on an entire container; for example, map square is a Haskell function which squares each element of a list.

  4. JavaScript - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 2 February 2025. High-level programming language Not to be confused with Java (programming language), Javanese script, or ECMAScript. JavaScript Screenshot of JavaScript source code Paradigm Multi-paradigm: event-driven, functional, imperative, procedural, object-oriented Designed by Brendan Eich of ...

  5. Associative array - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_array

    In computer science, an associative array, map, symbol table, or dictionary is an abstract data type that stores a collection of (key, value) pairs, such that each possible key appears at most once in the collection. In mathematical terms, an associative array is a function with finite domain. [1] It supports 'lookup', 'remove', and 'insert ...

  6. Hash table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_table

    In JavaScript, an "object" is a mutable collection of key-value pairs (called "properties"), where each key is either a string or a guaranteed-unique "symbol"; any other value, when used as a key, is first coerced to a string. Aside from the seven "primitive" data types, every value in JavaScript is an object. [49]

  7. Web mapping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_mapping

    Web maps require the internet to host, so they are subject to link rot, making information inaccessible. [37] Unlike physical maps, this can have major impacts on the historical record if the web map is the only source for the data it presents. Web mapping is also used in geography games, notably of which is GeoGuessr.

  8. Immediately invoked function expression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immediately_invoked...

    Immediately invoked function expressions may be written in a number of different ways. [3] A common convention is to enclose the function expression – and optionally its invocation operator – with the grouping operator, [4] in parentheses, to tell the parser explicitly to expect an expression.

  9. JSON - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON

    JSON (JavaScript Object Notation, pronounced / ˈ dʒ eɪ s ən / or / ˈ dʒ eɪ ˌ s ɒ n /) is an open standard file format and data interchange format that uses human-readable text to store and transmit data objects consisting of name–value pairs and arrays (or other serializable values).