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  2. Byzantine Iconoclasm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm

    Byzantine Iconoclasm, Chludov Psalter, 9th century. [10]Christian worship by the sixth century had developed a clear belief in the intercession of saints. This belief was also influenced by a concept of hierarchy of sanctity, with the Trinity at its pinnacle, followed by the Virgin Mary, referred to in Greek as the Theotokos ("birth-giver of God") or Meter Theou ("Mother of God"), the saints ...

  3. Chludov Psalter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chludov_Psalter

    Other scholars believe that the liturgical responses it contains were only used in Hagia Sophia, and that it was therefore a product of the Imperial workshops in Constantinople, soon after the return of the Iconophiles to power in 843. It was kept at Mount Athos until 1847, when a Russian scholar stole it and brought it to Moscow.

  4. Iconodulism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iconodulism

    Iconodulism (also iconoduly or iconodulia) designates the religious service to icons (kissing and honourable veneration, incense, and candlelight). The term comes from Neoclassical Greek εἰκονόδουλος (eikonodoulos) (from Greek: εἰκόνα – icon (image) + Greek: δοῦλος – servant), meaning "one who serves images (icons)".

  5. Iconoclasm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iconoclasm

    In the Bronze Age, the most significant episode of iconoclasm occurred in Egypt during the Amarna Period, when Akhenaten, based in his new capital of Akhetaten, instituted a significant shift in Egyptian artistic styles alongside a campaign of intolerance towards the traditional gods and a new emphasis on a state monolatristic tradition focused on the god Aten, the Sun disk—many temples and ...

  6. Byzantine philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_philosophy

    Byzantine philosophy refers to the distinctive philosophical ideas of the philosophers and scholars of the Byzantine Empire, especially between the 8th and 15th centuries. It was characterised by a Christian world-view, closely linked to Eastern Orthodox theology , but drawing ideas directly from the Greek texts of Plato , Aristotle , and the ...

  7. Byzantine Empire under the Isaurian dynasty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the...

    The Byzantine Empire was ruled by the Isaurian dynasty (or Syrian dynasty) from 717 to 802.The Isaurian emperors were successful in defending and consolidating the empire against the caliphates after the onslaught of the early Muslim conquests, but were less successful in Europe, where they suffered setbacks against the Bulgars, had to give up the Exarchate of Ravenna, and lost influence over ...

  8. God the Father in Western art - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_the_Father_in_Western_art

    God the Father can be seen in some late Byzantine Cretan School icons, and ones from the borders of the Catholic and Orthodox worlds, under Western influence, but after the Russian Orthodox Church came down firmly against depicting him in 1667, he can hardly be seen in Russian art. Protestants generally disapprove of the depiction of God the ...

  9. Byzantine studies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_studies

    The opening session of the IV International Congress of Byzantine Studies in the Aula of the University of Sofia, 9 November 1934. Byzantine studies is an interdisciplinary branch of the humanities that addresses the history, culture, demography, dress, religion/theology, art, literature/epigraphy, music, science, economy, coinage and politics of the Eastern Roman Empire.