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Activation of trigger points may be caused by a number of factors, including acute or chronic muscle overload, activation by other trigger points (key/satellite, primary/secondary), disease, psychological distress (via systemic inflammation), homeostatic imbalances, direct trauma to the region, collision trauma (such as a car crash which stresses many muscles and causes instant trigger points ...
Dry needling, also known as trigger point dry needling and intramuscular stimulation, [1] [2] is a treatment technique used by various healthcare practitioners, including physical therapists, physicians, and chiropractors, among others. [3]
The CPT code revisions in 2013 were part of a periodic five-year review of codes. Some psychotherapy codes changed numbers, for example 90806 changed to 90834 for individual psychotherapy of a similar duration. Add-on codes were created for the complexity of communication about procedures.
Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (including Current Procedural Terminology) (for outpatient use; used in United States) ICD-10 Procedure Coding System (ICD-10-PCS) (for inpatient use; used in United States) ICD-9-CM Volume 3 (subset of ICD-9-CM) (formerly used in United States prior to the introduction of the ICD-10-PCS)
HCPCS Level II codes are alphanumeric medical procedure codes, primarily for non-physician services such as ambulance services and prosthetic devices. [1] They represent items, supplies and non-physician services not covered by CPT-4 codes (Level I).
Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual; Office Hours: Day and Night, The Autobiography of Janet Travell, M.D. Dr. Janet G. Travell, M.D.: "The Mother of MYOFASCIAL - TRIGGER POINT Knowledge" Travell, Janet G. (2003). "A Daughter's Recollection by Virginia P. Wilson". Texas Heart Institute Journal. 30 (1): 8– 12.
Intraosseous infusion (IO) is the process of injecting medication, fluids, or blood products directly into the bone marrow; [1] this provides a non-collapsible entry point into the systemic venous system. [2] The intraosseous infusion technique is used to provide fluids and medication when intravenous access is not available or not feasible.
Ischemic compression is commonly applied to trigger points, in what is known as trigger point therapy, where enough sustained pressure is applied to a trigger point with a tolerable amount of pain, and as discomfort is reduced, additional pressure is gradually given.