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The sternocleidomastoid muscle originates from two locations: the manubrium of the sternum and the clavicle. [4] It travels obliquely across the side of the neck and inserts at the mastoid process of the temporal bone of the skull by a thin aponeurosis. [4] [5] The sternocleidomastoid is thick and narrow at its center, and broader and thinner ...
There are several options of treatment when iatrogenic (i.e., caused by the surgeon) spinal accessory nerve damage is noted during surgery. For example, during a functional neck dissection that injures the spinal accessory nerve, injury prompts the surgeon to cautiously preserve branches of C2, C3, and C4 spinal nerves that provide supplemental innervation to the trapezius muscle. [3]
The accessory nerve is tested by evaluating the function of the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles. [8] The trapezius muscle is tested by asking the patient to shrug their shoulders with and without resistance. The sternocleidomastoid muscle is tested by asking the patient to turn their head to the left or right against resistance. [8]
Laterocollis is the tilting of the head from side to side. This is the "ear-to-shoulder" version. This involves many more muscles: ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid, ipsilateral splenius, ipsilateral scalene complex, ipsilateral levator scapulae, and ipsilateral posterior paravertebrals. The flexion of the neck (head tilts forwards) is anterocollis.
sternocleidomastoid: Neck, Clavicular, Right, left manubrium sterni (sternal head), medial portion of clavicle (clavicular head) mastoid process of temporal bone, superior nuchal line: occipital artery, superior thyroid artery: motor: accessory nerve sensory: cervical plexus
sternocleidomastoid: Attaches to the sternum (sterno-), the clavicle (cleido-), and the mastoid process of the temporal bone of the skull. Most of its actions flex and rotate the head. In regards to the shoulder, however, it also aids in respiration by elevating the sternoclavicular joint when the head is fixed. [citation needed] levator scapulae
The infrahyoid muscles, or strap muscles, are a group of four pairs of muscles in the anterior (frontal) part of the neck. [1] The four infrahyoid muscles are the sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid and omohyoid muscles.
There is no definitive list of accessory muscles, but the sternocleidomastoid and the scalenes (anterior, middle, and posterior) are typically included, as they assist in elevating the rib cage. [4] The involvement of these muscles seems to depend on the degree of respiratory effort.