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Gimbaled thrust for different gimbal angles Animation of the motion of a rocket as the nozzle is gimbaled Gimbaled thrust is the system of thrust vectoring used in most rockets , including the Space Shuttle , the Saturn V lunar rockets, and the Falcon 9 .
Thrust vector control (TVC) is only possible when the propulsion system is creating thrust; separate mechanisms are required for attitude and flight path control during other stages of flight. Thrust vectoring can be achieved by four basic means: [5] [6] Gimbaled engine(s) or nozzle(s) Reactive fluid injection; Auxiliary "Vernier" thrusters
A vernier thruster or gimbaled engine are particular cases used on launch vehicles where a secondary rocket engine or other high thrust device is used to control the attitude of the rocket, while the primary thrust engine (generally also a rocket engine) is fixed to the rocket and supplies the principal amount of thrust.
Illustration of a simple three-axis gimbal set; the center ring can be vertically fixed. A gimbal is a pivoted support that permits rotation of an object about an axis. A set of three gimbals, one mounted on the other with orthogonal pivot axes, may be used to allow an object mounted on the innermost gimbal to remain independent of the rotation of its support (e.g. vertical in the first ...
Steering was by gimbaled thrust; Aries retained its guidance system, redesigned for use as a sounding rocket, allowing for more precise flight paths and use of smaller rocket ranges than other sounding rockets required; [1] however, its size meant it required a more substantial launch platform than conventional sounding rockets. [3]
The unique innovations of the Hiroc missiles, such as the gimbaled thrust chambers, and the internal pressure supported airframe, would go on to be utilized in the Atlas rockets. [14] [15] [16] Several changes were made in the Atlas, such as the aluminum used for the missiles airframe of the Hiroc, was changed to stainless steel in the Atlas.
Liquid injection thrust vectoring nozzles are another advanced design that allow pitch and yaw control from un-gimbaled nozzles. India's PSLV calls its design "Secondary Injection Thrust Vector Control System"; strontium perchlorate is injected through various fluid paths in the nozzle to achieve the desired control.
The missile was powered by an 4D10 rocket engine developed by OKB-2, [4]: 87 consisting of a single fixed thrust chamber producing a thrust of 23 ton-force and two smaller gimbaled thrust chambers mounted on the frustum-shaped bottom of the fuel tank [4]: 87 producing a total of 3 ton-force thrust.