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The euro area, [8] commonly called the eurozone (EZ), is a currency union of 20 member states of the European Union (EU) that have adopted the euro as their primary currency and sole legal tender, and have thus fully implemented EMU policies.
All de facto present currencies in Europe, and an incomplete list of the preceding currency, are listed here. In Europe, the most commonly used currency is the euro (used by 26 countries); any country entering the European Union (EU) is expected to join the eurozone [1] when they meet the five convergence criteria. [2]
The euro became the currency of the eurozone countries, including Ireland, on 1 January 1999. As with all eurozone countries, Ireland continued to mint its own banknotes after the currency changeover to the euro. Previously issued Irish banknotes circulated concurrently with the newer Irish-minted euro denominated banknotes.
The currency was introduced in non-physical form (traveller's cheques, electronic transfers, banking, etc.) at midnight on 1 January 1999, when the national currencies of participating countries (the eurozone) ceased to exist independently. Their exchange rates were locked at fixed rates against each other.
The euro is the result of the European Union's project for economic and monetary union that came fully into being on 1 January 2002 and it is now the currency used by the majority of the European Union's member states, with all but Denmark (which has an opt-out in the EU treaties) bound to adopt it.
Euro Changeover Board of Ireland calculator. Although the euro became the currency of the eurozone countries including Ireland on 1 January 1999, it was not until 1 January 2002 that the state began to withdraw Irish pound coins and notes, replacing them with euro notes and coins. All other eurozone countries withdrew their currencies in a ...
Though the currency was born virtually in 1999, [2] notes and coins did not begin to circulate until 2002. [2] The euro rapidly took over from the former national currencies and slowly expanded around the growing EU. [2] In 2009, the Lisbon Treaty formalised the euro's political authority, the Eurogroup, alongside the European Central Bank. [10]
Several eurozone member states (namely Greece, Italy, Portugal, Ireland, and Cyprus) were unable to repay or refinance their government debt or to bail out fragile banks under their national supervision without the assistance of other eurozone countries, the European Central Bank (ECB), or the International Monetary Fund (IMF).