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Electron density or electronic density is the measure of the probability of an ... some diagrams show a dotted or dashed line to represent the delocalization ...
Charge carrier density, also known as carrier concentration, denotes the number of charge carriers per volume. In SI units, it is measured in m −3. As with any density, in principle it can depend on position. However, usually carrier concentration is given as a single number, and represents the average carrier density over the whole material.
The density of states function g(E) is defined as the number of electronic states per unit volume, per unit energy, for electron energies near E. The density of states function is important for calculations of effects based on band theory.
Also, in 1927, Albrecht Unsöld proved that if one sums the electron density of all orbitals of a particular azimuthal quantum number ℓ of the same shell n (e.g., all three 2p orbitals, or all five 3d orbitals) where each orbital is occupied by an electron or each is occupied by an electron pair, then all angular dependence disappears; that ...
Density functional theory; Time-dependent density functional theory Thomas–Fermi model Orbital-free density functional theory Linearized augmented-plane-wave method Projector augmented wave method: Electronic band structure; Nearly free electron model Tight binding Muffin-tin approximation k·p perturbation theory Empty lattice approximation ...
MO diagram showing the formation of molecular orbitals of H 2 (centre) from atomic orbitals of two H atoms. The lower-energy MO is bonding with electron density concentrated between the two H nuclei. The higher-energy MO is anti-bonding with electron density concentrated behind each H nucleus.
Jellium, also known as the uniform electron gas (UEG) or homogeneous electron gas (HEG), is a quantum mechanical model of interacting electrons in a solid where the positive charges (i.e. atomic nuclei) are assumed to be uniformly distributed in space; the electron density is a uniform quantity as well in space.
Hofstadter's butterfly phase diagram at zero temperature. The horizontal axis indicates electron density, starting with no electrons from the left. The vertical axis indicates the strength of the magnetic flux, starting from zero at the bottom, the pattern repeats periodically for higher fields.