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Vacuum drying is the mass transfer operation in which the moisture present in a substance, usually a wet solid, is removed by means of creating a vacuum. In chemical processing industries like food processing , pharmacology, agriculture, and textiles, drying is an essential unit operation to remove moisture. [ 1 ]
Dielectric drying (radiofrequency or microwaves being absorbed inside the material) is the focus of intense research nowadays. It may be used to assist air drying or vacuum drying. Researchers have found that microwave finish drying speeds up the otherwise very low drying rate at the end of the classical drying methods.
They are equivalent to Abderhalden's drying pistol in some ways, but vacuum ovens typically can accommodate large samples. A characteristic operation for a vacuum oven is the activation or regeneration of molecular sieves. [1] [2] Vacuum furnaces are related devices that operate at much higher temperatures and much lower pressures.
A vacuum dry box is a piece of safety equipment which can provide an inert, or controlled atmosphere for handling sensitive materials. [1] These devices can commonly be found in the fume hoods of chemistry labs, [ 2 ] in facilities handling deadly pathogens, in NASA [ 3 ] Moon rock handling facilities and in industrial applications.
An ordinary glovebox, showing the two gloves for manipulation, with airlock on the right. The most straightforward type of air-free technique is the use of a glovebox.A "glove bag" uses the same idea, but is usually a poorer substitute because it is more difficult to purge, and less well sealed.
Vacuum engineering is the field of engineering that deals with the practical use of vacuum in industrial and scientific applications. Vacuum may improve the productivity and performance of processes otherwise carried out at normal air pressure, or may make possible processes that could not be done in the presence of air.
For example, a low-temperature vacuum oven can be used for drying biomass much more efficiently than drying alone. [3] Similarly, microwave-vacuum drying has shown potential for drying foods like cranberries. [4] [5] At temperatures below 1200 °C, a vacuum furnace is commonly used for the heat treatment of steel alloys. Many general heat ...
Vacuum distillation or distillation under reduced pressure is a type of distillation performed under reduced pressure, which allows the purification of compounds not readily distilled at ambient pressures or simply to save time or energy. This technique separates compounds based on differences in their boiling points.