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Care-focused feminism, alternatively called gender feminism, [20] is a branch of feminist thought informed primarily by the ethics of care as developed by Carol Gilligan and Nel Noddings. [19] This theory is critical of how caring is socially engendered, being assigned to women and consequently devalued.
Carol Gilligan was raised in a Jewish family in New York City. [2] She was the only child of a lawyer, William Friedman, and nursery school teacher, Mabel Caminez.She attended the public Hunter Model School and the Walden School, [3] a progressive private school on Manhattan's Upper West Side and played piano.
Carol Gilligan famously championed the role of relationships as central to moral reasoning, and superior as a basis for understanding human choices than any prior linguistic or meta-ethical concept. This perspective is now commonly called the ethics of care.
In the Ethics of care approach established by Carol Gilligan, moral development occurs in the context of caring, mutually responsive relationships which are based on interdependence, particularly in parenting but also in social relationships generally. [29]
Normative ethics is the study of ethical behaviour and is the branch of philosophical ethics that investigates questions regarding how one ought to act, in a moral sense. Normative ethics is distinct from meta-ethics in that the former examines standards for the rightness and wrongness of actions, whereas the latter studies the meaning of moral ...
Feminist ethics is an approach to ethics that builds on the belief that traditionally ethical theorizing has undervalued and/or underappreciated women's moral experience, which is largely male-dominated, and it therefore chooses to reimagine ethics through a holistic feminist approach to transform it.
In psychology, the care perspective focuses on people in terms of their connectedness with others, interpersonal communication, relationships with others, and concern for others. [ 1 ] See also
Like Carol Gilligan, Noddings accepts that justice based approaches, which are supposed to be more masculine, are genuine alternatives to ethics of care. However, unlike Gilligan, Noddings's believes that caring, 'rooted in receptivity, relatedness, and responsiveness' is a more basic and preferable approach to ethics (Caring 1984, 2).