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Omeprazole, sold under the brand names Prilosec and Losec, among others, is a medication used in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome. [1] It is also used to prevent upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people who are at high risk. [1]
The minimum lethal dose in dogs is over 5 mg/m 2; dogs have tolerated getting ten times the standard dose. [ 9 ] [ 33 ] Signs of overdose include panting, trembling, vomiting, and diarrhea, as well as increased blood levels of creatine kinase , aspartate transaminase , and alanine transaminase .
Meloxicam is used in veterinary medicine mainly to treat dogs, [33] [34] but also sees off-label use in other animals such as cattle and exotics. [ 35 ] [ 36 ] In the European Union and other countries it is not considered off-label and can be used in cattle, pigs, horses, dogs, cats and guinea pigs. [ 37 ]
Acute use (1–3 days) yields a potency about 1.5× stronger than that of morphine and chronic use (7 days+) yields a potency about 2.5 to 5× that of morphine. Similarly, the effect of tramadol increases after consecutive dosing due to the accumulation of its active metabolite and an increase of the oral bioavailability in chronic use.
A derivative of timoprazole, omeprazole, was discovered in 1979, and was the first of a new class of drug that control acid secretion in the stomach, a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). [11] [12] Addition of 5-methoxy-substitution to the benzimidazole moiety of omeprazole was also made and gave the compound much more stability at neutral pH. [6]
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