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The table below shows some of the parameters of common superconductors.X:Y means material X doped with element Y, T C is the highest reported transition temperature in kelvins and H C is a critical magnetic field in tesla.
They can also be used in large wind turbines to overcome the restrictions imposed by high electrical currents, with an industrial grade 3.6 megawatt superconducting windmill generator having been tested successfully in Denmark. [77] In the 1950s and 1960s, superconductors were used to build experimental digital computers using cryotron switches ...
Conventional superconductors are materials that display superconductivity as described by BCS theory or its extensions. This is in contrast to unconventional superconductors, which do not. Conventional superconductors can be either type-I or type-II. Most elemental superconductors are conventional. Niobium and vanadium are type-II, while most ...
Type I superconductors: those having just one critical field (H c) and changing abruptly from one state to the other when it is reached.; Type II superconductors: having two critical fields, H c1 and H c2, being a perfect superconductor under the lower critical field (H c1) and leaving completely the superconducting state to a normally conducting state above the upper critical field (H c2 ...
More recently AC synchronous superconducting machines have been made with ceramic rotor conductors that exhibit high-temperature superconductivity. These have liquid nitrogen cooled ceramic superconductors in their rotors. The ceramic superconductors are also called high-temperature or liquid-nitrogen-temperature superconductors.
In physics, the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) theory (named after John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and John Robert Schrieffer) is the first microscopic theory of superconductivity since Heike Kamerlingh Onnes's 1911 discovery. The theory describes superconductivity as a microscopic effect caused by a condensation of Cooper pairs.
Superconductivity was first discovered in solid mercury in 1911 by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes and Gilles Holst, who had developed new techniques to reach near-absolute zero temperatures. [1] [2] [3] In subsequent decades, superconductivity was found in several other materials; In 1913, lead at 7 K, in 1930's niobium at 10 K, and in 1941 niobium ...
In physics, Ginzburg–Landau theory, often called Landau–Ginzburg theory, named after Vitaly Ginzburg and Lev Landau, is a mathematical physical theory used to describe superconductivity. In its initial form, it was postulated as a phenomenological model which could describe type-I superconductors without examining their microscopic properties