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A condenser (right) and its respective diaphragm (left) A condenser is an optical lens that renders a divergent light beam from a point light source into a parallel or converging beam to illuminate an object to be imaged. Condensers are an essential part of any imaging device, such as microscopes, enlargers, slide projectors, and telescopes.
Nine-blade iris Pentacon 2.8/135 lens with 15-blade iris Aperture mechanism of Canon 50mm f/1.8 II lens, with five blades In the human eye, the iris (light brown) acts as the diaphragm and continuously constricts and dilates its aperture (the pupil) A 750nm titanium-sapphire laser beam passing through an iris diaphragm, while opening and closing the iris.
The sampling aperture can be a literal optical aperture, that is, a small opening in space, or it can be a time-domain aperture for sampling a signal waveform. For example, film grain is quantified as graininess via a measurement of film density fluctuations as seen through a 0.048 mm sampling aperture.
The ability of a lens to resolve detail is usually determined by the quality of the lens, but is ultimately limited by diffraction.Light coming from a point source in the object diffracts through the lens aperture such that it forms a diffraction pattern in the image, which has a central spot and surrounding bright rings, separated by dark nulls; this pattern is known as an Airy pattern, and ...
Hardware and software ("firmware"), built into the camera, measures luminance of the subject and automatically sets shutter speed, lens aperture or sensitivity; this also allows the camera to set the aperture for manual lenses fixed with an AE chip. [4] AE-L or AEL: Automatic exposure lock. Technology for holding an exposure setting from one ...
Due to Snell's law, the numerical aperture remains the same: NA = n 1 sin θ 1 = n 2 sin θ 2. In optics, the numerical aperture (NA) of an optical system is a dimensionless number that characterizes the range of angles over which the system can accept or emit light.
A lens controller is device that controls motorized photographic lens functions such as zoom, focus, and iris opening . [1] Lens controllers can be found in still camera photographic lenses and as stand-alone units in machine vision, remote sensing, optoelectronics systems, and security applications.
A telecentric lens is a special optical lens (often an objective lens or a camera lens) that has its entrance or exit pupil, or both, at infinity. The size of images produced by a telecentric lens is insensitive to either the distance between an object being imaged and the lens, or the distance between the image plane and the lens, or both, and ...