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DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1. Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4 inhibitors or gliptins) are a class of oral hypoglycemics that block the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). They can be used to treat diabetes mellitus type 2. The first agent of the class – sitagliptin – was approved by the FDA in 2006. [1]
The researchers reviewed 601 published trials of older people to investigate whether the efficacy of three medications — DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, and GLP-1 agonists — was affected ...
Serious side effects may include angioedema, pancreatitis, joint pain. [10] [8] Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is not recommended. [10] Linagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor [8] that works by increasing the production of insulin and decreasing the production of glucagon by the pancreas. [8]
The most common side effects include urinary infections, nasopharyngitis, and upper respiratory tract infections . [5] [6] The most serious side effects include ketoacidosis (high blood levels of acids called ‘ketoacids’), pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), hypersensitivity (allergic reactions) and hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar levels).
Adverse effects observed in clinical trials include nausea, hypoglycemia, tremor, headache and dizziness. Rare cases of hepatoxicity have been reported. [6] There have been case reports of pancreatitis associated with DPP-4 inhibitors.
Saxagliptin, sold under the brand name Onglyza, is an oral hypoglycemic (anti-diabetic drug) of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class. [1] [2] Early development was solely by Bristol-Myers Squibb; in 2007 AstraZeneca joined with Bristol-Myers Squibb to co-develop the final compound and collaborate on the marketing of the drug.
GLP-1 analogs resulted in weight loss and had more gastrointestinal side-effects, while in general dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors were weight-neutral and are associated with increased risk for infection and headache. Both classes appear to present an alternative to other antidiabetic drugs.
Serious side effects may include angioedema, low blood sugar, kidney problems, pancreatitis, and joint pain. [8] Whether use in pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe is unclear. [10] It is in the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class and works by increasing the production of insulin and decreasing the production of glucagon by the ...