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Itopride poorly penetrates across the blood brain barrier because of its high polarity and thus itopride does not tend to cause any central nervous system adverse effects. [7] Itopride has no effect on potassium channels. [15] Similarly to other D 2 receptor antagonists, itopride has been found to dose-dependently increase prolactin levels. [6]
Iloperidone is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia and mania or mixed episodes in bipolar I disorder. [2] [3] In a 2013 study in a comparison of 15 antipsychotic drugs in effectivity in treating schizophrenic symptoms, iloperidone demonstrated mild effectiveness — as effective as lurasidone, and 13 to 15% less effective than ziprasidone, chlorpromazine, and asenapine. [4]
Bioaccumulation of norpethidine is a major complication when pethidine is used in medicine as an analgesic, as when pethidine is used in high doses [5] or administered by intravenous infusion, [6] norpethidine can accumulate in the body at a faster rate than it is being excreted, particularly in elderly patients [7] or those with compromised ...
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Zotepine has a high affinity for the D 1 and D 2 receptors. It also affects the 5-HT 2A , 5-HT 2C , 5-HT 6 , and 5-HT 7 receptors . [ 10 ] In addition, its active metabolite, norzotepine, serves as a potent norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor .
Pimozide (sold under the brand name Orap) is a neuroleptic drug of the diphenylbutylpiperidine class. It was discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1963. It has a high potency compared to chlorpromazine (ratio 50-70:1).
Amisulpride is approved and used at low doses in the treatment of dysthymia and major depressive disorder. [10] [20] [11] [21] [22] [23] Whereas typical doses used in schizophrenia block postsynaptic dopamine D 2-like receptors and reduce dopaminergic neurotransmission, low doses of amisulpride preferentially block presynaptic dopamine D 2 and D 3 autoreceptors and thereby disinhibit dopamine ...
The most frequent side effects include headache, insomnia, sleepiness, parkinsonism (effects similar to Parkinson's disease such as shaking, muscle stiffness and slow movement), dystonia (involuntary muscle contractions), tremor (shaking), dizziness, akathisia (restlessness), agitation, anxiety, depression, increased weight, nausea, vomiting, constipation, dyspepsia (heartburn), diarrhea, dry ...