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A pouch created using waxed cotton. Waxed cotton is cotton impregnated with a paraffin or natural beeswax based wax, woven into or applied to the cloth. [1] [2] Popular from the 1920s to the mid-1950s, the product, which developed from the sailing industry in England and Scotland, became commonly used for waterproofing.
The modern oilskin garment was developed by a New Zealander, Edward Le Roy, in 1898. Le Roy used worn-out sailcloth painted with a mixture of linseed oil and wax to produce a waterproof garment suitable to be worn on deck in foul-weather conditions. Oilskins are part of the range of protective clothing also known as foul-weather gear.
The term "waterproof" refers to conformance to a governing specification [1] and specific conditions of a laboratory test method. They are usually natural or synthetic fabrics that are laminated or coated with a waterproofing material such as wax, rubber, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PU), silicone elastomer, or fluoropolymers ...
A wax coating makes this Manila hemp waterproof Some garments , and tents , are designed to give greater or lesser protection against rain. For urban use raincoats and jackets are used; for outdoor activities in rough weather there is a range of hiking apparel .
The main drawbacks of a waxed fabric is its lack of breathability and tend to be heavier and bulkier than modern synthetic waterproof materials. [2] The origin of the waxed jacket is in the coated garments also known as oilskin. [3]
The fabric was first stretched on a tenter frame and sized with animal gelatine. The oil was then applied and allowed to cure between coats. As the cure relies on oxidation by the air, thin coats and long cure times between are required. [1] [2] Overlaps between sheets of fresh oilcloth would amalgamate naturally when pressed together.
Durable water repellents are commonly used in conjunction with waterproof breathable fabrics such as Gore-Tex to prevent the outer layer of fabric from becoming saturated with water. This saturation, called 'wetting out,' can reduce the garment's breathability (moisture transport through the breathable membrane) and let water through.
Historically, white untwilled cotton or linen fabric uniforms of this name were worn by British and French soldiers serving in the tropics. [2] Duck fabric is woven with two yarns together in the warp and a single yarn in the weft. By treating with wax, duck fabric can be made waterproof (see waxed cotton).