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  2. Standard state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_state

    The standard state of a material (pure substance, mixture or solution) is a reference point used to calculate its properties under different conditions.A degree sign (°) or a superscript Plimsoll symbol (⦵) is used to designate a thermodynamic quantity in the standard state, such as change in enthalpy (ΔH°), change in entropy (ΔS°), or change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG°).

  3. Stefan's formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan's_formula

    Upload file; Search. Search. Appearance. ... Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects ... Stefan's formula says that the specific surface energy at a ...

  4. Standard deviation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation

    Standard deviation may serve as a measure of uncertainty. In physical science, for example, the reported standard deviation of a group of repeated measurements gives the precision of those measurements. When deciding whether measurements agree with a theoretical prediction, the standard deviation of those measurements is of crucial importance ...

  5. Full width at half maximum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_width_at_half_maximum

    If the considered function is the density of a normal distribution of the form = ⁡ [()] where σ is the standard deviation and x 0 is the expected value, then the relationship between FWHM and the standard deviation is [1] = ⁡.

  6. Formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula

    Mathematical formulas are often algebraic, analytical or in closed form. [5] In a general context, formulas often represent mathematical models of real world phenomena, and as such can be used to provide solutions (or approximate solutions) to real world problems, with some being more general than others. For example, the formula

  7. Chemical file format - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_file_format

    file extension (usually 3 letters). This is widely used, but fragile as common suffixes such as .mol and .dat are used by many systems, including non-chemical ones. self-describing files where the format information is included in the file. Examples are CIF and CML. chemical/MIME type added by a chemically aware server.

  8. Structural formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_formula

    Skeletal structural formula of Vitamin B 12. Many organic molecules are too complicated to be specified by a molecular formula. The structural formula of a chemical compound is a graphic representation of the molecular structure (determined by structural chemistry methods), showing how the atoms are connected to one another. [1]

  9. Standard molar entropy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_molar_entropy

    In chemistry, the standard molar entropy is the entropy content of one mole of pure substance at a standard state of pressure and any temperature of interest. These are often (but not necessarily) chosen to be the standard temperature and pressure.