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Some clinics do not have 6-metre eye lanes available, and either a half-size chart subtending the same angles at 3 metres (9.8 ft), or a reversed chart projected and viewed by a mirror is used to achieve the correct sized letters. In the most familiar acuity test, a Snellen chart is placed at a standard distance: 6 metres.
For 6/6 = 1.0 acuity, the size of a letter on the Snellen chart or Landolt C chart is a visual angle of 5 arc minutes (1 arc min = 1/60 of a degree), which is a 43 point font at 20 feet. [10] By the design of a typical optotype (like a Snellen E or a Landolt C), the critical gap that needs to be resolved is 1/5 this value, i.e., 1 arc min.
Near visual acuity or near vision is a measure of how clearly a person can see nearby small objects or letters.Visual acuity in general usually refers clarity of distance vision, and is measured using eye charts like Snellen chart, LogMAR chart etc. Near vision is usually measured and recorded using a printed hand-held card containing different sized paragraphs, words, letters or symbols.
An example of the Landolt C eye chart (also known as the Japanese eye chart). Numerous types of eye charts exist and are used in various situations. For example, the Snellen chart is designed for use at 6 meters or 20 feet, and is thus appropriate for testing distance vision, while the ETDRS chart is designed for use at 4 meters. [16]
In the figure of the Snellen chart, the lowest line is three lines below the 20/20 line. So if you can discern lines separated by one arc minute you are seeing much better than 20/20. The next paragraph says " a human eye with nominal performance is able to separate lines that are one arc minute apart" so, nominal must be a lot better than 20/20.
By the way, the "Big E" on my Snellen chart is a 20/200 letter, but I also have a projection chart (which I don't think it is technically a Snellen chart) with a 20/400 "Big E". Edwardian 21:02, 15 September 2005 (UTC) [ reply ]
The value D, indicated to the left of each row, gives the distance in meters from which a person with a visual acuity of 1.0 can read the corresponding row. The value V, indicated to the right, gives the minimum visual acuity needed to read the row from a distance of 5 meters. The first row contains symbols 70 mm in size (V = 0.1); the second ...
Sloan letters, designed by Louise Sloan in 1959, are a set of optotypes used to test visual acuity generally used in Snellen charts and logMAR charts. This set of optotypes consists of ten specially formed "letters", C, D, H, K, N, O, R, S, V and Z. [ 1 ] These letters, unlike the ones used in older Snellen charts, are designed to give acuity ...