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The concept of life cycle analysis evolved since the concept was initially considered in the 1970s and 1980s, [3] when life cycle studies focused on the quantifying the energy and raw resources used by a building, and the load on the sewerage and sanitation systems imposed by waste generated in the building, during the operational life of the structure.
A building properly conceived is several layers of longevity of built components" (quoted in (Brand, 1994)). The work of Duffy and DEGW identified four shearing layers (Duffy, 1992): Shell – the traditional structure of the building that might last for 30–50 years. Services – cabling, plumbing, aircon that needs replacing every 15 years.
[citation needed] In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines sustainable construction as "the practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and ...
It quantifies the environmental impacts of systems and materials to support the decisions needed to produce sustainable buildings, using information about sustainable materials that are stored in the database and interoperability between design and analysis tools. Such data can be useful for building life cycle assessments.
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility. A BIM is a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility forming a reliable basis for decisions during its life-cycle; defined as existing from earliest conception to demolition. [34]
Sustainability is an aspect of "green building", defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as "the practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and ...
This includes material selection, recycling, reuse, renewability, toxicity, and durability. Section 505 requires a minimum of 55 percent of the material used in a project to be either used, recycled, recyclable, bio-based, or indigenous, unless a whole building life cycle analysis is conducted in accordance with Section 303.
As service life cannot be estimated precisely, the objective requires the making of an appropriately reliable estimate of the service life of the building using available knowledge relating to the service life of each material, component, assembly, and system that is to be used in the building. If the estimated service life of any of these is ...