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Pentlandite in pyrrhotite, ore specimen from the Sudbury Basin (field of view 3.4 cm). Pentlandite is an iron–nickel sulfide with the chemical formula (Fe,Ni) 9 S 8.Pentlandite has a narrow variation range in nickel to iron ratios (Ni:Fe), but it is usually described as 1:1.
Steel is made from iron and carbon. Cast iron is a hard, brittle material that is difficult to work, whereas steel is malleable, relatively easily formed and versatile. On its own, iron is not strong, but a low concentration of carbon – less than 1 percent, depending on the kind of steel – gives steel strength and other important properties.
Pig iron, also known as crude iron, is an intermediate good used by the iron industry in the production of steel. It is developed by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Pig iron has a high carbon content, typically 3.8–4.7%, [1] along with silica and other dross, which makes it brittle and not useful directly as a material except for ...
Ductile iron is used in many piano harps (the iron plates which anchor piano strings). Ductile iron is used for vises. Previously, regular cast iron or steel was commonly used. The properties of ductile iron make it a significant upgrade in strength and durability from cast iron without having to use steel, which is expensive and has poor ...
Iron ore is the raw material used to make pig iron, which is one of the main raw materials to make steel — 98% of the mined iron ore is used to make steel. [2] In 2011 the Financial Times quoted Christopher LaFemina, mining analyst at Barclays Capital, saying that iron ore is "more integral to the global economy than any other commodity ...
There are other forms of metastable iron carbides that have been identified in tempered steel and in the industrial Fischer–Tropsch process. These include epsilon (ε) carbide , hexagonal close-packed Fe 2–3 C, precipitates in plain-carbon steels of carbon content > 0.2%, tempered at 100–200 °C.
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The carbon content of steel is between 0.02% and 2.14% by weight for plain carbon steel (iron-carbon alloys). Too little carbon content leaves (pure) iron quite soft, ductile, and weak. Carbon contents higher than those of steel make a brittle alloy commonly called pig iron.