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Detail of the Cantiga #63 (13th century), which deals with a late 10th-century battle in San Esteban de Gormaz involving the troops of Count García and Almanzor. [1]The Reconquista (Spanish and Portuguese for ' reconquest ') [a] or the reconquest of al-Andalus [b] was a series of military and cultural campaigns that European Christian kingdoms waged against the Muslim kingdoms following the ...
By the start of the eleventh century, the Muslim caliphate had split into Taifas. The Christians took notice of the Muslim's declining power and started attacking from the North. The most important battle in the Christians's reclaiming of Spain was Alfonso VI’s victory at Toledo in 1085. [2] Spain found new success under Christian control.
Although most scholars of early Christianity believe Paul did not make an actual journey to Spain after writing the Epistle to the Romans, Jerome Murphy-O'Connor holds that Paul did travel to Spain and preach there for up to a few months with little success, most likely because Greek was not widely spoken there. [3]
The Order of Santiago (Order of Saint James of Compostela) is founded to defend Christianity and expel the Moors from Iberia. [277] 1172 (Date unknown). The Military Order of Saint James of the Sword is founded in Portugal. [278] 1174 (Date unknown). The Order of Mountjoy is founded by Rodrigo Álvarez to protect Christian pilgrims in the ...
However, that would not apply to towns under direct Umayyad rule. In Cordova, the cathedral was partitioned and shared to provide for the religious needs of Christians and Muslims. The situation lasted some 40 years until Abd ar-Rahman's conquest of southern Spain (756).
The Siege of Córdoba, culminating in Ferdinand III's capture of the city, was a turning point in the Reconquista, consolidating Christian control over Al-Andalus. The event also left a lasting impact on Córdoba's cultural and architectural landscape, as Christian rulers sought to integrate Islamic influences into their domains. [2] [6]
[4] [5] [1] Fought near Covadonga, in the Picos de Europa, it resulted in a victory for the Christian forces of Pelagius. It is traditionally regarded as the foundational event of the Kingdom of Asturias and thus the initial point of the Christian Reconquista ("reconquest") of Spain after the Umayyad conquest of 711. [6]
With the Christian reconquest completed in the Iberian peninsula, Spain began trying to take territory in Muslim North Africa. It had conquered Melilla in 1497, and further expansionism policy in North Africa was developed during the regency of Ferdinand the Catholic in Castile, stimulated by Cardinal Cisneros.