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The abbreviation e.g. stands for the Latin exempli gratiā "for example", and should be used when the example(s) given are just one or a few of many. The abbreviation i.e. stands for the Latin id est "that is", and is used to give the only example(s) or to otherwise qualify the statement just made.
An example of the information that can be obtained is the use of "um" or "uh" in a conversation. [15] These might be meaningful words that tell different things, one of which is to hold a place in the conversation so as not to be interrupted. There seems to be a hesitant stage and fluent stage that suggest speech has different levels of production.
Neologistic paraphasias, a substitution with a non-English or gibberish word, follow pauses indicating word-finding difficulty. [13] They can affect any part of speech, and the previously mentioned pause can be used to indicate the relative severity of the neologism; less severe neologistic paraphasias can be recognized as a distortion of a real word, and more severe ones cannot.
For example, if learners do not know the word grandfather they may paraphrase it by saying "my father's father". Semantic avoidance Learners may avoid a problematic word by using a different one, for example substituting the irregular verb make with the regular verb ask. The regularity of "ask" makes it easier to use correctly. [2] Word coinage
A substitution table is used while teaching structures of English. [1] [2] Substitution tables were invented by Harold E. Palmer, [3] who defines substitution as "the process by which any authentic sentence may be multiplied indefinitely by substituting for any of its words or word-groups others of the same grammatical family and within certain semantic limits".
For example, in the English language, the words begin, start, commence, and initiate are all synonyms of one another: they are synonymous. The standard test for synonymy is substitution: one form can be replaced by another in a sentence without changing its meaning.
A prop-word: one, as in "the blue one" A pro-adjective substitutes an adjective or a phrase that functions as an adjective: so as in "It is less so than we had expected." A pro-adverb substitutes an adverb or a phrase that functions as an adverb: how or this way. A pro-verb substitutes a verb or a verb phrase: do, as in: "I will go to the party ...
Lexical substitution is the task of identifying a substitute for a word in the context of a clause. For instance, given the following text: "After the match , replace any remaining fluid deficit to prevent chronic dehydration throughout the tournament", a substitute of game might be given.