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Azacitidine is indicated for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome, [4] for which it received approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on 19 May 2004. [11] [4] [12] In two randomized controlled trials comparing azacitidine to supportive treatment, 16% of subjects with myelodysplastic syndrome who were randomized to receive azacitidine had a complete or partial normalization ...
Cytidine analogs such as 5-azacytidine (azacitidine) and 5-azadeoxycytidine are the most commonly used demethylating agents. They work by inhibiting DNA methyltransferases. [1] Both compounds have been approved in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in United States.
Decitabine (i.e., 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine), sold under the brand name Dacogen among others, acts as a nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor. [4] It is a medication for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes , a class of conditions where certain blood cells are dysfunctional, and for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). [ 5 ]
A hypomethylating agent (or demethylating agent [1]) is a drug that inhibits DNA methylation: the modification of DNA nucleotides by addition of a methyl group.Because DNA methylation affects cellular function through successive generations of cells without changing the underlying DNA sequence, treatment with a hypomethylating agent is considered a type of epigenetic therapy.
Venetoclax is also indicated as part of a combination therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). [7] For this purpose it is used with azacitidine, decitabine, or low-dose cytarabine for newly diagnosed adults who are age 75 years or older, or those with other health problems where intensive chemotherapy cannot be used.
Lomustine is used as an "off-label" veterinary treatment for cancers in cats and dogs. [5] Clinical trials have demonstrated the drug's success in treating progressive lymphomas, mast cell tumors, and brain cancers. [11] [12] The chemotherapy has also been used to treat sarcomas and spinal cord tumors in these animals. [5]
The most common secondary neoplasm is secondary acute myeloid leukemia, which develops primarily after treatment with alkylating agents or topoisomerase inhibitors. [109] Survivors of childhood cancer are more than 13 times as likely to get a secondary neoplasm during the 30 years after treatment than the general population. [ 110 ]
Brexucabtagene autoleucel, sold under the brand name Tecartus, is a cell-based gene therapy medication for the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) [10] [11] [7] and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). [12] The most common side effects include serious infections, low blood cell counts and a weakened immune system. [10]
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