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Sphagnum is a genus of approximately 380 accepted species [2] [3] of mosses, commonly known as sphagnum moss, also bog moss and quacker moss (although that term is also sometimes used for peat). Accumulations of Sphagnum can store water, since both living and dead plants can hold large quantities of water inside their cells; plants may hold 16 ...
Compared to other Sphagnum species, Sphagnum squarrosum retains fewer spores within its capsules after dispersal, resulting in greater spore release and wider distribution. [ 9 ] Research on island colonization reveals that S. squarrosum is an effective long-distance disperser, successfully establishing populations as far as 40 km (25 mi) from ...
Sphagnum fimbriatum faces the same threats as other European wetland species: habitat drainage for agriculture, nutrient pollution from farming, dam construction, and peat extraction. The species shows more resilience than other bog-mosses through effective spore dispersal and colonisation.
Spores are commonly dispersed by fungal and plant burrowing herbivore partners, but some air dispersal capabilities are also known. [14] Studies have shown that spore germination is specific to particular environmental conditions such as right amount of nutrients, temperature or host availability.
Airborne spores are obvious in fungi, for example when they are released from puffballs. Other fungi have more active spore dispersal mechanisms. For example, the fungus Pilobolus can shoot its sporangia towards light. Plant spores designed for dispersal are also referred to as diaspores.
Hygromorphy is a common mechanism of seed dispersal as the movement of dead tissues respond to hygrometric variation, [11] e.g. spore release from the fertile margins of Onoclea sensibilis. Movement occurs when plant tissue matures, dies and desiccates, cell walls drying, shrinking; [ 12 ] and also when humidity re-hydrates plant tissue, cell ...
Dispersal is also used to describe the movement of propagules such as seeds and spores. Technically, dispersal is defined as any movement that has the potential to lead to gene flow. [1] The act of dispersal involves three phases: departure, transfer, and settlement. There are different fitness costs and benefits associated with each of these ...
Most mosses rely on the wind to disperse the spores. In the genus Sphagnum the spores are projected about 10–20 cm (4–8 in) off the ground by compressed air contained in the capsules; the spores are accelerated to about 36,000 times the earth's gravitational acceleration g. [23] [24]