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The equipment units can be arrayed as: extraction (moving an ion of interest from an aqueous phase to an organic phase), washing (rinsing entrained aqueous contaminant out of an organic phase containing the ion of interest), and; stripping (moving an ion of interest from an organic phase into an aqueous phase).
Processes similar to continuous foam separation have been commonly used for decades. Protein skimmers are one example of foam separation used in saltwater aquariums. The earliest documents pertaining to foam separation is dated back to 1959, when Robert Schnepf and Elmer Gaden, Jr. studied the effects of pH and concentration on the separation of bovine serum albumin from solution. [2]
A Büchner funnel is a piece of laboratory equipment used in filtration. [1] It is traditionally made of porcelain , but glass and plastic funnels are also available. On top of the funnel-shaped part there is a cylinder with a fritted glass disc/perforated plate separating it from the funnel.
A Soxhlet extractor is a piece of laboratory apparatus [1] invented in 1879 by Franz von Soxhlet. [2] It was originally designed for the extraction of a lipid from a solid material. Typically, Soxhlet extraction is used when the desired compound has a limited solubility in a solvent , and the impurity is insoluble in that solvent.
A rotary evaporator [1] (rotovap) is a device used in chemical laboratories for the efficient and gentle removal of solvents from samples by evaporation.When referenced in the chemistry research literature, description of the use of this technique and equipment may include the phrase "rotary evaporator", though use is often rather signaled by other language (e.g., "the sample was evaporated ...
2: Still pot (extraction pot) - still pot should not be overfilled and the volume of solvent in the still pot should be 3 to 4 times the volume of the soxhlet chamber. 3: Distillation path 4: Soxhlet Thimble 5: Extraction solid (residue solid) 6: Syphon arm inlet 7: Syphon arm outlet 8: Reduction adapter 9: Condenser 10: Cooling water out
Where (,,) is the bubble number density function and represents the probable number density of bubbles at a given time (), about a position , with bubble volume between and + (), and is the bubble velocity. The right and side term of the Population Balance Equation is the source/sink term due to bubbles coalescence, breakup, phase change ...
An example of a bubble cap tray that could be found inside of a stripping column. Stripping is mainly conducted in trayed towers (plate columns) and packed columns, and less often in spray towers, bubble columns, and centrifugal contactors. [2] Trayed towers consist of a vertical column with liquid flowing in the top and out the bottom.