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The contingency approach to leadership was influenced by two earlier research programs endeavoring to pinpoint effective leadership behavior. During the 1950s, researchers at Ohio State University administered extensive questionnaires measuring a range of possible leader behaviors in various organizational contexts.
Fiedler considers situational control the extent to which a leader can determine what their group is going to do to be the primary contingency factor in determining the effectiveness of leader behavior. Fiedler's contingency model is a dynamic model where the personal characteristics and motivation of the leader are said to interact with the ...
The Vroom–Yetton contingency model is a situational leadership theory of industrial and organizational psychology developed by Victor Vroom, in collaboration with Philip Yetton (1973) and later with Arthur Jago (1988). The situational theory argues the best style of leadership is contingent to the situation.
This theory was unique in bringing these concepts together: Leadership styles include variable degrees relationship behavior and task behavior which the manager can adjust to the situation independently of one another; The leadership style can be adjusted to each task and each individual as opposed to treating all subordinates the same at all times
Path-goal theory is a contingency theory linking appropriate leader style to organizational conditions and subordinate personality. [45] Transformational leadership theory concerns the behaviors leaders engage in that inspire high levels of motivation and performance in followers.
Organizational behavior management (OBM) is a subdiscipline of applied behavior analysis (ABA), which is the application of behavior analytic principles and contingency management techniques to change behavior in organizational settings. Through these principles and assessment of behavior, OBM seeks to analyze and employ antecedent, influencing ...
For McGregor, Theory X and Theory Y are not opposite ends of the same continuum, but rather two different continua in themselves. In order to achieve the most efficient production, a combination of both theories may be appropriate. [8] This approach is derived from Fred Fiedler's research over various leadership styles known as the contingency ...
Fred Edward Fiedler (July 13, 1922 - June 8, 2017) [1] was one of the leading researchers of industrial and organizational psychology in the 20th century. He helped shape psychology and was a leading psychologist. [2] He was born in Vienna, Austria to Victor and Helga Schallinger Fiedler. His parents owned a textile and tailoring supply store ...