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In Excel and Word 95 and prior editions a weak protection algorithm is used that converts a password to a 16-bit verifier and a 16-byte XOR obfuscation array [1] key. [4] Hacking software is now readily available to find a 16-byte key and decrypt the password-protected document. [5] Office 97, 2000, XP and 2003 use RC4 with 40 bits. [4]
X.509 public key certificates, X.509 CRLs In cryptography , PKCS #7 ("PKCS #7: Cryptographic Message Syntax", "CMS") is a standard syntax for storing signed and/or encrypted data. PKCS #7 is one of the family of standards called Public-Key Cryptography Standards ( PKCS ) created by RSA Laboratories .
Asymmetric encryption expands on symmetric encryption by incorporating two different types of keys into the encryption method: private and public keys. [20] A public key can be accessed by anyone and is unique to one user whereas a private key is a secret key that is unique to and only known by one user. [21]
Because asymmetric key algorithms are nearly always much more computationally intensive than symmetric ones, it is common to use a public/private asymmetric key-exchange algorithm to encrypt and exchange a symmetric key, which is then used by symmetric-key cryptography to transmit data using the now-shared symmetric key for a symmetric key ...
CMS is used as the key cryptographic component of many other cryptographic standards, such as S/MIME, PKCS #12 and the RFC 3161 digital timestamping protocol. OpenSSL is open source software that can encrypt, decrypt, sign and verify, compress and uncompress CMS documents, using the openssl-cms command.
• A public key scrambles the data. • A private key unscrambles the data. Credit card security. When you make a purchase on AOL, we'll only finish the transaction if your browser supports SSL. As you enter your credit card number, SSL encodes it so it's transmitted in a format that prevents eavesdropping or data theft.
Public ephemeral key agreement keys are the public keys of asymmetric key pairs that are used in a single key establishment transaction to establish one or more keys (e.g., key wrapping keys, data encryption keys, or MAC keys) and, optionally, other keying material (e.g., Initialization Vectors). Symmetric authorization key
Excel at using Excel with these keyboard hotkeys that will save you minutes of time—and hours of aggravation. The post 80 of the Most Useful Excel Shortcuts appeared first on Reader's Digest.