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As of 2023, PBMs managed pharmacy benefits for 275 million Americans and the three largest PBMs in the US, CVS Caremark, Cigna Express Scripts, and UnitedHealth Group’s Optum Rx, make up about 80% of the market share covering about 270 million people [4] [5] with a market of almost $600 billion in 2024.
Pharmacy benefits managers (PBMs) are employing new strategies to squeeze independent pharmacies, even as the industry faces pressure from the federal government, which is looking for ways to curb ...
Antidepressants could increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior in people with depression under the age of 25. In 2004, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration along with the Neuro-Psychopharmacologic Advisory Committee and the Anti-Infective Drugs Advisory Committee, concluded that there was a causal link between newer antidepressants and pediatric suicidality. [7]
With more chronic forms of depression, the most effective treatment is often considered to be a combination of medication and psychotherapy. [6] [9] Psychotherapy is the treatment of choice in people under 18. [8] A meta-analysis examined the effectiveness of psychotherapy for depression across ages from younger than 13 years to older than 75 ...
There is some evidence that there is decreased nigrostriatal pathway activity in people with melancholic depression (psychomotor retardation). [42] Further supporting the role of dopamine in depression is the consistent finding of decreased cerebrospinal fluid and jugular metabolites of dopamine, [ 43 ] as well as post mortem findings of ...
Here's what community members had to say in three recent letters to the editor we received. Submit your own thoughts here.. Sen. Mike Braun no political outsider; nor friend to rural communities
Medicare Modernization Act — includes PDF file of the actual text of the law. Medicare.gov — the official website for people with Medicare Medicare Modernization Act at Medicare.gov; Prescription Drug Coverage homepage at Medicare.gov — a central location for Medicare's web-based information about the Part D benefit
Depression and Anxiety is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by Wiley-Blackwell. It is an official journal of the Anxiety and Depression Association of America and covers research on depressive and anxiety disorders. The editor-in-chief as of July 1, 2017 is Murray B. Stein (University of California, San Diego).