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The time-weighted return of a particular security, from initial purchase to eventual final sale, is the same, regardless of the presence or absence of interim purchases and sales, their timing, size and the prevailing market conditions. It always matches the share price performance (including dividends, etc.).
For example, suppose a call option with a strike price of $100 for DEF stock is sold at $1.00 and a call option for DEF with a strike price of $110 is purchased for $0.50, and at the option's expiration the price of the stock or index is less than the short call strike price of $100, then the return generated for this position is:
The discrete difference equations may then be solved iteratively to calculate a price for the option. [4] The approach arises since the evolution of the option value can be modelled via a partial differential equation (PDE), as a function of (at least) time and price of underlying; see for example the Black–Scholes PDE. Once in this form, a ...
Here the price of the option is its discounted expected value; see risk neutrality and rational pricing. The technique applied then, is (1) to generate a large number of possible, but random, price paths for the underlying (or underlyings) via simulation, and (2) to then calculate the associated exercise value (i.e. "payoff") of the option for ...
Exchanges quote options prices in terms of the per-share price, not the total price you must pay to own the contract. For example, an option may be quoted at $0.75 on the exchange.
Price of the underlying: Any fluctuation in the price of the underlying stock/index/commodity obviously has the largest effect on the premium of an option contract. An increase in the underlying price increases the premium of call options and decreases the premium of put options. The reverse is true when the underlying price decreases.