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The global average sea surface temperature has been increasing since around 1900 (graph showing annual average and 5-year smoothed average, relative to the average value for the years 1951-1980). Further information: Effects of climate change on oceans § Rising ocean temperature
Projected global surface temperature changes relative to 1850–1900, based on CMIP6 multi-model mean changes. The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report defines global mean surface temperature (GMST) as the "estimated global average of near-surface air temperatures over land and sea ice, and sea surface temperature (SST) over ice-free ocean regions, with changes normally expressed as departures from a ...
It is usually between 1 millimetre (0.04 in) and 20 metres (70 ft) below the sea surface. Sea surface temperatures greatly modify air masses in the Earth's atmosphere within a short distance of the shore. The thermohaline circulation has a major impact on average sea surface temperature throughout most of the world's oceans. [10]
Sea surface temperatures have broken records every day for a year, puzzling scientists. The warm water could significantly affect hurricanes and other weather. 12 months of record ocean heat has ...
Global average sea surface temperatures hit 21C in late March and have remained at record levels for the time of year throughout April and May. ... Though this year's high sea temperatures are ...
HadCRUT3 is the third major revision of this dataset, combining the CRUTEM3 land surface air temperature dataset with the HadSST2 sea surface temperature dataset. First published in 2006, this initially spanned the period 1850–2005, but has since been regularly updated to 2012. Its spatial grid boxes are 5° of latitude and longitude.
Weather satellites have been available to infer sea surface temperature (SST) information since 1967, with the first global composites occurring during 1970. [10] Since 1982, [ 11 ] satellites have been increasingly utilized to measure SST and have allowed its spatial and temporal variation to be viewed more fully.
A 2017 study predicts a continued cooling shift beginning 2014, and the authors note, "..unlike the last cold period in the Atlantic, the spatial pattern of sea surface temperature anomalies in the Atlantic is not uniformly cool, but instead has anomalously cold temperatures in the subpolar gyre, warm temperatures in the subtropics and cool ...