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The new edition aligns CAWS with the Unified Classification for the Construction Industry which was published in 1997. The Common Arrangement is the authoritative UK classification of work sections for building work, for use in arranging project specifications and bills of quantities. Over 300 work sections are defined in detail to give:
The Oxford English Dictionary gives no etymology for "tog" other than its definition by Peirce and Rees. [4] According to Collins Dictionary, the unit "tog" is derived from "tog" meaning clothes. [5] Chambers Dictionary states "Etymology: 1940s: perhaps from tog [as clothing]". [6] The backronym thermal overall grade is in common commercial use.
The 16 Divisions of construction, as defined by the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI)'s MasterFormat, is the most widely used standard for organizing specifications and other written information for commercial and institutional building projects in the U.S. and Canada.
The version of April 1981 of DIN 276 is used in the HOAI 1996/2002 for fee determination. The old version is used, because the federal legislature did not follow the further development of DIN 276 in the price law for architects and engineers and did not adapt the cost groups in the regulation text of the HOAI 1996.
The Classification of types of construction (CC), is a nomenclature for the classification of constructions (i.e. buildings) according to their type. It is based on the CPC that was published by the United Nations in 1991. Its final version was approved in 1997. [1] [2]
Linearized PDF files (also called "optimized" or "web optimized" PDF files) are constructed in a manner that enables them to be read in a Web browser plugin without waiting for the entire file to download, since all objects required for the first page to display are optimally organized at the start of the file. [27]
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The New Engineering Contract (NEC), or NEC Engineering and Construction Contract, is a formalised system created by the UK Institution of Civil Engineers that guides the drafting of documents on civil engineering, construction and maintenance projects for the purpose of obtaining tenders, awarding and administering contracts.