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In Japanese, the beginning of a word (the stem) is preserved during conjugation, while the ending of the word is altered in some way to change the meaning (this is the inflectional suffix).
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Wasei-kango (Japanese: 和製漢語, "Japanese-made Chinese words") are those words in the Japanese language composed of Chinese morphemes but invented in Japan rather than borrowed from China. Such terms are generally written using kanji and read according to the on'yomi pronunciations of the characters.
The JMdict project was started by computational linguist Jim Breen in 1991 with the creation of EDICT (a plain text flat file in EUC-JP encoding), which was later expanded to a UTF-8-encoded XML file in 1999 as JMdict. [2] The XML format allows for multiple surface forms of lexemes and multiple readings, as well as cross-references and annotations.
Sino-Japanese words are almost exclusively nouns, of which many are verbal nouns or adjectival nouns, meaning that they can act as verbs or adjectives. Verbal nouns can be used as verbs by appending suru ( する , "do") (e.g. benkyō suru ( 勉強する , do studying; study) ), while an adjectival noun uses -na ( 〜な ) instead of -no ...
By contrast, in Old Japanese -shiki (〜しき) adjectives (precursors of present i-adjectives ending in -shi-i (〜しい), formerly a different word class) were open, as reflected in words like ita-ita-shi-i (痛々しい, pitiful), from the adjective ita-i (痛い, painful, hurt), and kō-gō-shi-i (神々しい, heavenly, sublime), from the ...
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Typically, context will provide the meaning, though temporal adverbs such as 今日 kyu "today", 今 inma "now" or 明日 ashita "tomorrow" may be used for clarification. With regards to its conjugation paradigm, the imperfective form ends in -u for all verbs as in standard Japanese. Notably, however, the resulting stem is reduced according to ...