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Several drugs are available for treating intestinal infections, the most effective of which has been shown to be Paromomycin (also known as Humatin). E. histolytica infections occur in both the intestine and (in people with symptoms) in tissue of the intestine and/or liver. [ 2 ]
In all three cases, the drug therapy resulted in clearance of the infection, defined as negative results through an O&P exam, in all but 1-2 patients. [4] A 1979 study of 27 patients treated with dehydroemetine and various other drugs suggested all drug combinations were successful at treating amoebic liver abscesses. [5]
Anti-CD20 antibody which is tagged with I131. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Grade 3-4 cytopenias, methaemoglobinaemia, acute myeloid leukaemia or myelodysplastic syndrome, anaphylaxis and hyperthyroidism. Trastuzumab: IV: Anti-HER2 antibody. HER2-positive breast cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer (orphan) and gastro-oesophageal junction cancer.
Diloxanide furoate destroys trophozoites of E. histolytica and prevents amoebic cyst formation. [9] The exact mechanism of diloxanide is unknown. [ 10 ] Diloxanide is structurally related to chloramphenicol and may act in a similar fashion by disrupting the ribosome [ 5 ]
The usage of conventional therapeutics to treat amoebiasis if often linked with substantial side effects, a threat to the efficacy of these therapeutics, further worsened by the development of drug resistance in the parasite. [20] Amoebic meningoencephalitis and keratitis is a brain-eating amoeba caused by free-living Naeglaria and Acanthomoeba.
Paromomycin is an antimicrobial used to treat a number of parasitic infections including amebiasis, giardiasis, leishmaniasis, and tapeworm infection. [3] It is a first-line treatment for amebiasis or giardiasis during pregnancy. [3]
Tinidazole, sold under the brand name Tindamax among others, is a medication used against protozoan infections.It is widely known throughout Europe and the developing world as a treatment for a variety of anaerobic amoebic and bacterial infections.
Bacitracin is a polypeptide antibiotic derived from a bacterium, Bacillus subtilis, and acts against bacteria through the inhibition of cell wall synthesis. [6] It does this by inhibiting the removal of phosphate from lipid compounds, thus deactivating its function to transport peptidoglycan; the main component of bacterial cell membranes, to the microbial cell wall.