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Memory consolidation was first referred to in the writings of the renowned Roman teacher of rhetoric Quintillian.He noted the "curious fact... that the interval of a single night will greatly increase the strength of the memory," and presented the possibility that "... the power of recollection .. undergoes a process of ripening and maturing during the time which intervenes."
Systems consolidation is the process by which memories are shifted from a vulnerable state to a fairly permanent one. [11] It also describes roles that certain brain structures, most notably the hippocampus, play in memory consolidation and the extent certain types of memories can be consolidated.
The standard model of systems consolidation largely applies to the formation of declarative memories, which include semantic, factual memories and episodic, autobiographical memories. This has been supported by case studies of human patients with MTH lesions who exhibit difficulties in remembering experiences and fact learned post-surgery ...
Consolidation of a memory is a process that takes an initially unstable representation and encodes it in a more sturdy, effective and efficient manner. In this new state, the memory is less susceptible to interference. [1] There are essentially three phases of memory consolidation and all are thought to be facilitated by sleep or not sleep:
During the acquisition process, stimuli are committed to short term memory. [1] Then, consolidation is where the hippocampus along with other cortical structures stabilize an object within long term memory, which strengthens over time, and is a process for which a number of theories have arisen to explain the underlying mechanism. [1]
The involvement of arginine and nitric oxide in memory consolidation has been confirmed in birds, mammals and other creatures, including humans. [48] Glial cells have also an important role in memory formation, although how they do their work remains to be unveiled. [49] [50] Other mechanisms for memory consolidation can not be discarded.
The hippocampus plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory, and in spatial memory that enables navigation. In humans, and other primates the hippocampus is located in the archicortex , one of the three regions of allocortex , in each hemisphere with neural projections to the neocortex .
For example, the hippocampus is believed to be involved in spatial and declarative memory, as well as consolidating short-term into long-term memory. Studies have shown that declarative memories move between the limbic system, deep within the brain, and the outer, cortical regions. These are distinct from the mechanisms of the more primitive ...