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Side effects included orthostatic hypotension, palpitations, anhydrosis, intestinal disturbances, loss of ejaculation, thoracic duct injuries and atelectasis. [10] Modern antihypertensive pharmacological interventions have improved the control of hypertension, but only 34–66% of people with hypertension in England, US and Canada have blood ...
Atelectasis is the partial collapse or closure of a lung resulting in reduced or absence in gas exchange. It is usually unilateral, affecting part or all of one lung. [2] It is a condition where the alveoli are deflated down to little or no volume, as distinct from pulmonary consolidation, in which they are filled with liquid.
These side effects are serious and some of them are permanent, and many remain a crucial concern for companies and healthcare professionals and substantial efforts are being encouraged to reduce the potential risks for future antipsychotics through more clinical trials and drug development.
Chest x-ray demonstrating severe atelectasis or collapse of the right lung and mediastinal shift towards the right. Atelectasis is the partial collapse of a lung that is reversible. There are numerous etiologies, including post-operative atelectasis, surfactant deficiency, mucus plugging, and foreign body aspiration.
It is often a complication of an existing chronic inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, or it can be a side effect of certain medications such as amiodarone. COP was first described by Gary Epler in 1985. [5] The clinical features and radiological imaging resemble infectious pneumonia.
In cases of fibrothorax caused by medication, it is recommended that the offending medications be stopped. Ergot alkaloid medications, which can worsen pleural fibrosis, are typically avoided. [ 3 ] Cases of fibrothorax attributable to medication typically stop worsening if the provoking medication is stopped. [ 3 ]
In cases of hemothorax complicating pulmonary embolism treatment, the hemothorax is usually on the side of the original embolism. [6] Those with an abnormal accumulation of air within the pleural space (a pneumothorax) can bleed into the cavity, which occurs in about 5% of cases of spontaneous pneumothorax, [ 8 ] especially when lung bullae ...
The main theories of meconium passage into amniotic fluid are caused by fetal maturity or from foetal stress as a result of hypoxia or infection. [3] Other factors that promote the passage of meconium in utero include placental insufficiency, maternal hypertension, pre-eclampsia and maternal drug use of tobacco and cocaine. [6]