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Matthew P. Scott is an American biologist who was the tenth president of the Carnegie Institution for Science. [3] While at Stanford University, Scott studied how embryonic and later development is governed by proteins that control gene activity and cell signaling processes.
Developmental biology is the study of the process by which animals and plants grow and develop. Developmental biology also encompasses the biology of regeneration , asexual reproduction , metamorphosis , and the growth and differentiation of stem cells in the adult organism.
Ontogeny is the process of development of an individual organism from the zygote through the embryo to the adult form. In the latter half of the twentieth century, social scientists debated whether human behaviour was the product of nature (genes) or nurture (environment in the developmental period, including culture).
Gilbert is the author of the textbook Developmental Biology (first edition, 1985, and now in its 13th edition, 2023) and has also co-authored (with David Epel) the textbook Ecological Developmental Biology (2009, 2015).
[2] [5] Fertilization is the fusion of gametes to produce a new organism. In animals, the process involves a sperm fusing with an ovum, which eventually leads to the development of an embryo. Depending on the animal species, the process can occur within the body of the female in internal fertilization, or outside in the case of external ...
Some of the earliest ideas and mathematical descriptions on how physical processes and constraints affect biological growth, and hence natural patterns such as the spirals of phyllotaxis, were written by D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson in his 1917 book On Growth and Form [2] [3] [note 1] and Alan Turing in his The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis (1952). [6]
She serves as the Josephine Knotts Knowles Professor in Human Biology at Stanford University [1] and has been described as "the leading researcher in infant-directed speech". [ 2 ] Fernald received a Ph.D. in psychology from the University of Oregon in 1982, [ 3 ] where she studied under the mentorship of Patricia K. Kuhl .
Ecological evolutionary developmental biology [c] integrates research from developmental biology and ecology to examine their relationship with evolutionary theory. [78] Researchers study concepts and mechanisms such as developmental plasticity, epigenetic inheritance, genetic assimilation, niche construction and symbiosis. [79] [80]