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The pyramidal lobe is a remnant of the thyroglossal duct, which usually wastes away during the thyroid gland's descent. [5] Small accessory thyroid glands may in fact occur anywhere along the thyroglossal duct, from the foramen cecum of the tongue to the position of the thyroid in the adult. [4]
Thyroid follicular cells form a simple cuboidal epithelium and are arranged in spherical thyroid follicles surrounding a fluid filled space known as the colloid. The interior space formed by the follicular cells is known as the follicular lumen .
The hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis (HPT axis for short, a.k.a. thyroid homeostasis or thyrotropic feedback control) is part of the neuroendocrine system responsible for the regulation of metabolism and also responds to stress. As its name suggests, it depends upon the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the thyroid gland.
The thyroid cartilage is a hyaline cartilage structure that sits in front of the larynx and above the thyroid gland. The cartilage is composed of two halves, which meet in the middle at a peak called the laryngeal prominence, also called the Adam's apple. [1] In the midline above the prominence is the superior thyroid notch.
Zuckerkandl's tubercle is a pyramidal extension of the thyroid gland, present at the most posterior side of each lobe. [1] [2] Emil Zuckerkandl described it in 1902 as the processus posterior glandulae thyreoideae. [3] Although the structure is named after Zuckerkandl, it was discovered first by Otto Madelung in 1867 as the posterior horn of ...
Thyroid hormones (T 4 and T 3) are produced by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland and are regulated by TSH made by the thyrotropes of the anterior pituitary gland. The effects of T 4 in vivo are mediated via T 3 (T 4 is converted to T 3 in target tissues). T 3 is three to five times more active than T 4.
The thyrohyoid muscle is innervated (along with the geniohyoid muscle [1] [3]: 457, 709 ) by a branch of the cervical plexus [4] [3]: 538 - the nerve to thyrohyoid muscle (thyrohyoid branch of ansa cervicalis) [4] - which is formed by fibres of the cervical spinal nerve 1 (C1) [1] [2] [3]: 538 (and - according to some sources - cervical spinal nerve 2 as well [4] [3]: 457 ) that join and ...
Download as PDF; Printable version ... it is termed the Levator muscle of thyroid gland. ... in the public domain from page 1270 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy ...