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Weld mapping is the process of assigning information to a weld repair or joint to enable easy identification of weld processes, production (welders, their qualifications, date welded), quality (visual inspection, NDT, standards and specifications) and traceability (tracking weld joints and welded castings, the origin of weld materials).
This illustrates the difference in concept between conventional UT and guided wave testing (GWT). Guided wave testing (GWT) is a non-destructive evaluation method. The method employs acoustic waves that propagate along an elongated structure while guided by its boundaries. This allows the waves to travel a long distance with little loss in energy.
Flexural strength, also known as modulus of rupture, or bend strength, or transverse rupture strength is a material property, defined as the stress in a material just before it yields in a flexure test. [1] The transverse bending test is most frequently employed, in which a specimen having either a circular or rectangular cross-section is bent ...
Bend test coupons for welding procedure qualification. A Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) is a formal document describing welding procedures. It is an internal document used by welding companies to instruct welders (or welding operators) on how to achieve quality production welds that meet all relevant code requirements.
The weld structure can be examined by optical microscopy [3] [4] [5] and scanning electron microscopy. [ 6 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 3 ] The computer finite element method (FEM) is used to predict the shape of the flash and interface and others, not only for rotary friction welding (RFW), [ 7 ] but also for friction stir welding (FSW), [ 8 ] [ 9 ] linear ...
The main part of the welder's test consists of welding one or more test coupons which are then examined using non-destructive and destructive methods. The extent of certification is described by a number of variables, which include the specific welding process, type of deposited metal, thickness, joint design, position, backing, and others.
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Its use is mainly limited to joint fit-up and detecting surface breaking flaws. It can be done as an in-process inspection, while the welding is occurring, or on the completed weld. In-process inspections can show problems with the weld such as discoloration, indicating thermal degradation, bubbles, scratches, and weld bead problems.