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The best example of the plug-in principle, the bootstrapping method. Bootstrapping is a statistical method for estimating the sampling distribution of an estimator by sampling with replacement from the original sample, most often with the purpose of deriving robust estimates of standard errors and confidence intervals of a population parameter like a mean, median, proportion, odds ratio ...
Both Sass and Less are CSS preprocessors, which allow writing clean CSS in a programming construct instead of static rules. [5]Less is inspired by Sass. [6] [3] Sass was designed to both simplify and extend CSS, so things like curly braces were removed from the syntax.
The studentized bootstrap, also called bootstrap-t, is computed analogously to the standard confidence interval, but replaces the quantiles from the normal or student approximation by the quantiles from the bootstrap distribution of the Student's t-test (see Davison and Hinkley 1997, equ. 5.7 p. 194 and Efron and Tibshirani 1993 equ 12.22, p. 160):
The optimization of portfolios is an example of multi-objective optimization in economics. Since the 1970s, economists have modeled dynamic decisions over time using control theory. [14] For example, dynamic search models are used to study labor-market behavior. [15] A crucial distinction is between deterministic and stochastic models. [16]
Examples are the simple gravitation law connecting masses and distance with the resulting force, or the formula for equilibrium concentrations of chemicals in a solution that connects concentrations of educts and products. Assuming log-normal distributions of the variables involved leads to consistent models in these cases.
For example, one of the solutions that may be found by EM in a mixture model involves setting one of the components to have zero variance and the mean parameter for the same component to be equal to one of the data points. The convergence of expectation-maximization (EM)-based algorithms typically requires continuity of the likelihood function ...
One example, which Allie wrote about last week, is Eve, the legal software platform that announced a $47 million Series A led by a16z and helps replace paralegal functions like client intake.
Charles Joseph Minard who designed a large portfolio of maps of which the one depicting Napoleon's campaign in Russia is the best known. [ 8 ] See the plots page for many more examples of statistical graphics.