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Belief perseverance (also known as conceptual conservatism [1]) is maintaining a belief despite new information that firmly contradicts it. [ 2 ] Since rationality involves conceptual flexibility, [ 3 ] [ 4 ] belief perseverance is consistent with the view that human beings act at times in an irrational manner.
The term belief perseverance, however, was coined in a series of experiments using what is called the "debriefing paradigm": participants read fake evidence for a hypothesis, their attitude change is measured, then the fakery is exposed in detail. Their attitudes are then measured once more to see if their belief returns to its previous level.
The Semmelweis reflex also exemplifies how belief perseverance causes individuals to adhere to their initial beliefs despite contradicting evidence. The human brain has fully developed the cerebral cortex and the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which equips individuals with the power to resist primitive instincts and adaptability but also maintains ...
Intellectual courage aligns a person's actions with their rational beliefs. [2] On a daily basis, many emotions such as fear and desire influence decisions. [9] The degree to which a person is able to control or give in to such emotions, determines the strength of their intellectual courage. [2] A concise interpretation of intellectual courage is:
This edition of "Beg-Knows America" shines a spotlight on inspiring stories of perseverance and compassion, including a man who defied paralysis to run marathons, a 79-year-old who fulfilled his ...
For example, "I've flipped heads with this coin five times consecutively, so the chance of tails coming out on the sixth flip is much greater than heads." [ 67 ] Hot-hand fallacy (also known as "hot hand phenomenon" or "hot hand"), the belief that a person who has experienced success with a random event has a greater chance of further success ...
A broken right foot in April 2021 led Aaron Witt on a tortuous path. After nearly three full seasons, he returned to the field for two games in 2023.
The phenomenon of belief creating reality is known by several names in literature: self-fulfilling prophecy, expectancy confirmation, and behavioral confirmation, which was first coined by social psychologist Mark Snyder in 1984. Snyder preferred this term because it emphasizes that it is the target's actual behavior that confirms the perceiver ...