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These bars often used a unit of measure called a rod, of length equal to 5.5 yards, 5.0292 metres, 16.5 feet, or 1 ⁄ 320 of a statute mile. [23] A rod is the same length as a perch or a pole. [24] In Old English, the term lug is also used.
The rod is useful as a unit of length because integer multiples of it can form one acre of square measure (area). The 'perfect acre' [2] is a rectangular area of 43,560 square feet, bounded by sides 660 feet (a furlong) long and 66 feet (a chain) wide (220 yards by 22 yards) or, equivalently, 40 rods by 4 rods. An acre is therefore 160 square ...
The rod is used in levelling procedures to determine elevations and is read using a level. A Philadelphia rod consists of two sliding sections graduated in hundredths of a foot. On the front of the rod the graduation increasing from zero at the bottom. On the back of the rod the graduation decrease from 13.09 ft at the bottom to 7 ft.
Topographer's rods are special purpose rods used in topographical surveys. The rod has the zero mark at mid-height and the graduations increase in both directions away from the mid-height. In use, the rod is adjusted so that the zero point is level with the instrument (or the surveyor's eye if he is using a hand level for low-resolution work).
Stadia marks on a crosshair while viewing a metric levelling rod. The top mark is at 1.500 m and the lower is at 1.345 m. The difference between the rod readings is 0.155 m, yielding a distance to the rod of 15.5 m. A typical surveyor's instrument reticle has two pairs of stadia marks. One pair are on the horizontal centreline and the other on ...
The rods are usually about 30 mm in diameter and 2 or 3 m long, painted with alternating bands, such as red and white, red and yellow, or black and white, in lengths of 200 mm (i.e. one link length of metric chain), 500 mm, or 1 foot. These colours are used so that the rod can be properly sighted in case of long distance or bad weather.
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