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Bioplastics can utilize previously unused waste materials (e.g., straw, woodchips, sawdust, and food waste). Life cycle analysis studies show that some bioplastics can be made with a lower carbon footprint than their fossil counterparts, for example when biomass is used as raw material and also for energy production.
An example of a non-biodegradable bioplastic is bio-based PET. PET is a petrochemical plastic, derived from fossil fuels. Bio-based PET is the same plastic but synthesized with bacteria.
Constituting about 50 percent of the bioplastics market, thermoplastic starch, such as Plastarch Material, currently represents the most important and widely used bioplastic. Pure starch possesses the characteristic of being able to absorb humidity , and is thus being used for the production of drug capsules in the pharmaceutical sector.
There are vast examples and applications of biodegradable polymers. Bio-based packaging materials have been introduced as a green alternative in the past decades, among which, edible films have gained more attention due to their environmentally-friendly characteristics, vast variety and availability, non-toxicity, and low cost.
This material can be used for biodegradable, homogeneous, dense films that are very useful in the biomedical field. [citation needed] Alginate: Alginate is the most copious marine natural polymer derived from brown seaweed. Alginate biopolymer applications range from packaging, textile and food industry to biomedical and chemical engineering.
Cornplast is a material whose composition is 20% polyethylene and 80% starch. 50%-50% by weight blends of Cornplast with both LDPE and HDPE have been studied to determine the effectiveness of starch as a biodegradable additive.
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More than 150 different monomers can be combined within this family to give materials with extremely different properties. [2] These plastics are biodegradable and are used in the production of bioplastics. [3] They can be either thermoplastic or elastomeric materials, [citation needed] with melting points ranging from 40 to 180 °C. [citation ...