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Early childhood development is the period of rapid physical, psychological and social growth and change that begins before birth and extends into early childhood. [1] While early childhood is not well defined, one source asserts that the early years begin in utero and last until 3 years of age. [1]
The speed of physical growth is rapid in the months after birth, then slows, so birth weight is doubled in the first four months, tripled by 1 year, but not quadrupled until 2 years. [85] Growth then proceeds at a slow rate until a period of rapid growth occurs shortly before puberty (between about 9 and 15 years of age). [86]
Development before birth, or prenatal development (from Latin natalis 'relating to birth') is the process in which a zygote, and later an embryo, and then a fetus develops during gestation. Prenatal development starts with fertilization and the formation of the zygote , the first stage in embryonic development which continues in fetal ...
Newborns typically lose 7–10% of their birth weight in the first few days, but they usually regain it within two weeks. [17] During the first month, infants grow about 1 to 1.5 inches (2.5 to 3.8 cm) and gain weight at a rate of about 1 ounce (28 g) per day. [17] Resting heart rate is generally between 70 and 190 beats per minute. [18]
Puberty is the process of physical changes through which a child's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction.It is initiated by hormonal signals from the brain to the gonads: the ovaries in a female, the testicles in a male.
Pruning starts near the time of birth and continues into the late-20s. [2] During the pruning of a synapse, both the axon and the dendrite decay and die off. Synaptic pruning was traditionally considered to be complete by the time of sexual maturation , but MRI studies have discounted this idea.
13-year-old Lalit Patidar from central India was given the nickname ''wolf boy'' after the effects of a rare condition, known as hypertrichosis, caused him to grow hair all over his face ...
From birth until the first year, children are referred to as infants. As they grow, children respond to their environment in unique ways. [88] Developmental psychologists vary widely in their assessment of infant psychology, and the influence the outside world has upon it. The majority of a newborn infant's time is spent sleeping. [89]